Biology XII – MHT-CET

By Admin / September 7, 2020

Entire syllabus of 12th standard Biology for preparation of MHT-CET. Follows Maharshtra Board syllabus.

Course Information

Categories: 12th, Biology, MHT-CET

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Chapter 1 : Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants

1.1 Asexual Reproduction : Fragmentation, Budding, Spore Formation

1.1 Asexual Reproduction : Vegetative Reproduction

1.2 Sexual Reproduction

1.2 Structure of Anther

1.3 Microsporogenesis : Structure of microspore

1.3 Microsporogenesis : Development of male gametophyte

1.4 Structure of Anatropous ovule

1.5 Megasporogenesis : Development of female gametophyte

1.6 Pollination

Always Remember

1.6 Pollination : A. Abiotic Agents : 1. Pollination by wind (Anemophily)

1.6 Pollination : A. Abiotic Agents : 2. Pollination by water (Hydrophily) :

1.6 Pollination : B. Biotic Agents : 1. Pollination by insects (Entomophily)

1.6 Pollination : B. Biotic Agents : 2. Pollination by birds (Ornithophily)

1.6 Pollination : B. Biotic Agents : 3. Pollination by Bats (Chiropterophily)

1.7 Outbreeding devices (contrivances) Part I

1.7 Outbreeding devices (contrivances) Part II

1.8 Pollen – Pistil Interaction

Artificial Hybridization

1.9 Double Fertilization

1.9 Significance of Double Fertilization

1.10 Development of Endosperm

1.11 Development of Embryo

1.12 Seed and Fruit Development

1.13 Apomixis

1.14 Parthenocarpy

1.15 Polyembryony

Chapter 2: Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals

2.1 Asexual Reproduction in animals

2.2 Sexual reproduction in animals

2.2 Human Reproduction

2.2 A. Male Reproductive System: a. Testes

2.2 A. Male Reproductive System: b. Accessory ducts

2.2 A. Male Reproductive System: c. Glands

2.2 A. Male Reproductive System: d. External genitalia

2.2 B. Female Reproductive System

2.2 B. Female Reproductive System: 1. Ovary

2.2 B. Female Reproductive System: Ovarian histology of a mature female

2.2 B. Female Reproductive System: Structure of Graafian follicle

2.2 B. Female Reproductive System: 2. Oviduct / Fallopian tube / Uterine tube

2.2 B. Female Reproductive System: 3. Uterus

2.2 B. Female Reproductive System: 4. Vagina

2.2 B. Female Reproductive System: 5. External genitalia

2.2 B. Female Reproductive System: 6. Accessary glands

2.2 Puberty / Sexual maturity in Males

2.2 Puberty / Sexual maturity in Females

2.3 Menstrual cycle (Ovarian cycle) : a. Menstrual phase

2.3 Menstrual cycle (Ovarian cycle) : b. Proliferative phase / Follicular phase / Post menstrual phase

2.3 Menstrual cycle (Ovarian cycle) : c. Ovulatary phase

2.3 Menstrual cycle (Ovarian cycle) : d. Secretory phase / Luteal phase

2.4 Gametogenesis : Spermatogenesis

2.4 Structure of sperm

2.4 Gametogenesis : Oogenesis

2.4 Structure of secondary oocyte

2.5 Fertilization / Syngamy : Mechanism of fertilization : a. Movement of sperm towards egg

2.5 Fertilization / Syngamy : Mechanism of fertilization : b. Entry of sperm into the egg

2.5 Fertilization / Syngamy : Mechanism of fertilization : c. Activation of ovum

2.5 Fertilization / Syngamy : Mechanism of fertilization : Significance of fertilization

2.6 Embryonic development : Cleavage

2.6 Embryonic development : Blastulation

2.6 Embryonic development : Implantation

2.6 Embryonic development : Gastrulation

2.6 Embryonic development : Fate of germinal layers

2.7 Pregnancy : First Trimester

2.7 Pregnancy : Second Trimester

2.7 Pregnancy : Third (final) Trimester

2.8 Placenta

Know The Institue

2.9 Parturition

2.10 Lactation

2.11 Reproductive Health : Part I

2.11 Reproductive Health : Part II

2.12 Birth control : a. Temporary methods: 1. Natural methods

2.12 Birth control : a. Temporary methods: 4. Chemical means & 5. Mechanical means

2.12 Birth control : a. Temporary methods: 6. Physiological (Oral) Devices & 7. Other contraceptives

2.12 Birth control : b. Permanent Method

2.12 Birth control : Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

2.13 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

2.14 Infertility : Part I

2.14 Infertility : Part II

2.14 Infertility : Part III

Chapter 3: Inheritance and Variation

3.1 Chromosomes and Mechanism of inheritance.

3.1 Reasons for Mendel’s Success

3.1 Seven pairs of contransting visible characters in pea plant

3.2 Genetic Terminology: Part I

3.2 Genetic Terminology: Part II

3.2 Genetic Terminology: Part III

3.3 Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance : 1. Law of Dominance

3.3 Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance : 2. Law of segregation

3.3 Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance : 3. Law of Independent Assortment

3.4 Back Cross and Test Cross

3.5 Deviations from Mendel’s findings

3.5 Deviations from Mendel’s findings : a. Incomplete dominance

3.5 Deviations from Mendel’s findings : b. Co-dominance

3.5 Deviations from Mendel’s findings : c. Multiple alleles

3.5 Deviations from Mendel’s findings : d. Pleiotropy

3.6 Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

3.7 Chromosomes

3.7 Chromosomes : Number of chromosomes

3.7 Chromosomes : Structure of chromosome

3.7 Chromosomes : Sex Chromosomes

3.8 Linkage and Crossing Over : Linkage

3.8 Linkage and Crossing Over : Sex-linkage

3.8 Linkage and Crossing Over : Crossing Over

Know The Scientist

3.8 Linkage and Crossing Over :Morgan’s Experiments showing linkage and crossing over

3.9 Autosomal Inheritance

3.10 Sex Linked Inheritance : a. X-linked (sex linked) genes

3.10 Sex Linked Inheritance : b. Y-linked (Holandric) genes

3.10 Sex Linked Inheritance : Colour blindness

3.10 Sex Linked Inheritance : Haemophilia (Bleeder’s disease)

3.11 Sex Determination

3.11 Sex Determination : a. Sex Determination in human beings

3.11 Sex Determination : b. Sex Determination in birds

3.11 Sex Determination : c. Sex Determination in honey bees

Something Interesting

3.12 Genetic Disorders : Thalassemia

3.12 Genetic Disorders : Down’s Syndrome (21 st trisomy)

3.12 Genetic Disorders : Turner’s Syndrome & Klinefelter’s syndrome

Chapter 4 : Molecular Basis of Inheritance

4.1 The Discovery of DNA

4.2 The Genetic Material is a DNA

4.2 The Genetic Material is a DNA : Griffith’s experiments

4.2 The Genetic Material is a DNA : Avery, McCarty and MacLeod’s experiment

4.2 The Genetic Material is a DNA : Hershey – Chase Experiment

4.3 DNA packaging : Packaging in Prokaryotes

4.3 DNA packaging : Packaging in Eukaryotes : Part I

4.3 DNA packaging : Packaging in Eukaryotes : Part II

4.4 DNA Replication : Part I

4.4 DNA Replication : Part II

4.4 DNA Replication : Part III

4.4 DNA Replication : Experimental confirmation : Semiconservative Replication- Part I

4.4 DNA Replication : Experimental confirmation : Semiconservative Replication- Part II

4.5 Protein synthesis

4.5 Protein synthesis: A. Transcription

4.5 Protein synthesis: A. Transcription: Transcription Unit

4.5 Protein synthesis: A. Transcription: Transcription unit and the gene

4.5 Protein synthesis: A. Transcription: Processing of hnRNA

4.5 Protein synthesis: Genetic Code: Part I

4.5 Protein synthesis: Genetic Code: Part II

4.5 Protein synthesis: Genetic Code: Dictionary of genetic code

4.5 Protein synthesis: Genetic Code: Characterestic of Genetic code

4.5 Protein synthesis: Mutations and Genetic Code

4.5 Protein synthesis: t-RNA- the adapter molecule

4.5 Protein synthesis: B. Translation – protein synthesis

4.5 Protein synthesis: Mechanism of translation : 1. Initiation of Polypeptide chain

4.5 Protein synthesis: Mechanism of translation : 2. Elongations of polypeptide chain

4.5 Protein synthesis: Mechanism of translation : 3. Termination and release of polypeptide

4.6 Regulation of gene expression

4.7 Operon concept

4.7 Operon concept : Lac operon

4.8 Genomics

4.8 Genomics : Application of genomics

4.9 Human Genome Project

4.10 DNA Fingerprinting : Part I

4.10 DNA Fingerprinting : Part II

Know the scientists

Chapter 5 : Origin and Evolution of life

5.1 Origin of life

5.2 Chemical Evolution of Life (Self assembly theory of origin of life) -Part I

5.2 Chemical Evolution of Life (Self assembly theory of origin of life) -Part II

5.2 Chemical Evolution of Life (Self assembly theory of origin of life) -Part III

5.2 Urey and Miller’s Experiment

5.2 RNA World Hypothesis

5.3 Organic Evolution

5.4 Darwinism -Part I

5.4 Darwinism -Part II

5.4 Darwinism -Part III

5.5 Mutation Theory

5.6 Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution

5.6 Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution : a. Genetic variations -Part I

5.6 Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution : a. Genetic variations -Part II

5.6 Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution : b. Natural selection

5.6 Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution : c. Isolation -Part I

5.6 Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution : c. Isolation -Part II

5.7 Mechanism of organic evolution

5.7 Mechanism of organic evolution : a. Stabilizing selection

5.7 Mechanism of organic evolution : b. Directional selection

5.7 Mechanism of organic evolution : c. Disruptive Natural selection

5.7 Mechanism of organic evolution : Isolation & Speciation

5.8 Hardy-Weinberg’s principle

5.9 Adaptive Radiation

5.10 Evidences of organic evolution : A. Palaeontology

5.10 Evidences of organic evolution : A. Palaeontology- Types of fossils

5.10 Evidences of organic evolution : A. Palaeontology – Connecting link (missing link)

5.10 Evidences of organic evolution : B. Morphology – a. Homologous organs

5.10 Evidences of organic evolution : B. Morphology – b. Analogous organs

5.10 Evidences of organic evolution : B. Morphology – c. Vestigeal organs

5.10 Evidences of organic evolution : B. Morphology – d. Molecular Evidences

5.11 Speciation

5.12 Geological time scale -Part I

5.12 Geological time scale -Part II

5.12 Geological time scale -Part III

5.13 Human Evolution -Part I

5.13 Human Evolution -Part II

5.13 Human Evolution -Part III

Chapter 6: Plant Water Relation

6.1 Properties of water

6.2 Water absorbing organ

6.3 Water available to roots for absorption

6.4 Absorption of water by roots from soil : a. Imbibition

6.4 Absorption of water by roots from soil : b. Diffusion

6.4 Absorption of water by roots from soil : c. Osmosis – Part I

6.4 Absorption of water by roots from soil : c. Osmosis – Part II

6.5 Water Potential

6.6 Plasmolysis

6.7 Path of water across the root – Part I

6.7 Path of water across the root – Part II

6.8 Mechanism of absorption of water : a. Passive absorption

6.8 Mechanism of absorption of water : b. Active absorption

6.9 Translocation of water : a. Root Pressure Theory – Part I

6.9 Translocation of water : a. Root Pressure Theory – Part II

6.9 Translocation of water : b. Capillarity theory

6.9 Translocation of water : c. Cohesion- tension theory – Part I

6.9 Translocation of water : c. Cohesion- tension theory – Part II

6.10 Transport of mineral ions – Part II

6.11 Transport of food – Part I

6.11 Transport of food – Part II

6.12 Transpiration – Part I

6.12 Transpiration – Part II

6.13 Structure of stomatal apparatus

6.13 Opening and Closing of Stoma

6.13 Significance of Transpiration

Chapter 6: Plant Water Relation

6.1 Properties of water

6.2 Water absorbing organ

6.3 Water available to roots for absorption

6.4 Absorption of water by roots from soil : a. Imbibition

6.4 Absorption of water by roots from soil : b. Diffusion

6.4 Absorption of water by roots from soil : c. Osmosis – Part I

6.4 Absorption of water by roots from soil : c. Osmosis – Part II

6.5 Water Potential

6.6 Plasmolysis

6.7 Path of water across the root – Part I

6.7 Path of water across the root – Part II

6.8 Mechanism of absorption of water : a. Passive absorption

6.8 Mechanism of absorption of water : b. Active absorption

6.9 Translocation of water : a. Root Pressure Theory – Part I

6.9 Translocation of water : a. Root Pressure Theory – Part II

6.9 Translocation of water : b. Capillarity theory

6.9 Translocation of water : c. Cohesion- tension theory – Part I

6.9 Translocation of water : c. Cohesion- tension theory – Part II

6.10 Transport of mineral ions – Part II

6.11 Transport of food – Part I

6.11 Transport of food – Part II

6.12 Transpiration – Part I

6.12 Transpiration – Part II

6.13 Structure of stomatal apparatus

6.13 Opening and Closing of Stoma

6.13 Significance of Transpiration

Chapter 7: Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition

7.1 Plant growth

7.2 Phases of growth

7.3 Conditions for Growth

7.4 Growth Rate

7.4 Types of Growth

7.5 Growth curve

7.6 Differentiation, De-Differentiation, Re-Differentiatio

7.7 Development

7.8 Plasticity

7.9 Growth Hormones : a. Auxins

7.9 Growth Hormones : b. Gibberellins

7.9 Growth Hormones : c. Cytokinin

7.9 Growth Hormones : d. Ethylene

7.9 Growth Hormones : e. Abscissic Acid

7.10 Photoperiodism – Part I

7.10 Photoperiodism – Part II

7.10 Photoperiodism – Part III

7.11 Vernalization

7.12 Mineral nutrition

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part I

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part II

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part III

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part IV

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part V

7.13 Nitrogen cycle – Part I

7.13 Nitrogen cycle – Part II

7.13 Nitrogen cycle – Part III

7.13 Nitrogen cycle – Part IV

Chapter 7: Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition

7.1 Plant growth

7.2 Phases of growth

7.3 Conditions for Growth

7.4 Growth Rate

7.4 Types of Growth

7.5 Growth curve

7.6 Differentiation, De-Differentiation, Re-Differentiatio

7.7 Development

7.8 Plasticity

7.9 Growth Hormones : a. Auxins

7.9 Growth Hormones : b. Gibberellins

7.9 Growth Hormones : c. Cytokinin

7.9 Growth Hormones : d. Ethylene

7.9 Growth Hormones : e. Abscissic Acid

7.10 Photoperiodism – Part I

7.10 Photoperiodism – Part II

7.10 Photoperiodism – Part III

7.11 Vernalization

7.12 Mineral nutrition

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part I

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part II

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part III

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part IV

7.12 Mineral nutrition – Part V

7.13 Nitrogen cycle – Part I

7.13 Nitrogen cycle – Part II

7.13 Nitrogen cycle – Part III

7.13 Nitrogen cycle – Part IV

Chapter 8 : Respiration and Circulation

8.1 Organs of Respiratory Exchange

8.2 Human Respiratory system – Part I

8.2 Human Respiratory system – Part II

8.2 Human Respiratory system – Part III

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : A. Breathing

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : B. External respiration

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : Pulmonary volumes and capacities

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : C. Internal respiration : i. Transport of oxygen

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : C. Internal respiration : ii. Transport of CO2

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : D. Cellular Respiration

8.4 Regulation of Breathing

8.5 Modified Respiratory Movements

8.6 Common disorders of respiratory system – Part I

8.6 Common disorders of respiratory system – Part II

8.6 Common disorders of respiratory system – Part III

8.7 Transportation in living organisms

8.8 Circulation in animals -Part I

8.8 Circulation in animals -Part II

8.9 Circulatory System in Human

8.10 Red blood corpuscles / Erythrocytes

8.11 White blood corpuscles / Leucocytes: A. Granulocytes

8.11 White blood corpuscles / Leucocytes: B. Agranulocytes

8.12 Thrombocytes / Platelets

8.13 Heart – Part I

8.13 Heart – Part II

8.13 Heart – Part III

8.13 Heart – Part IV

8.14 Working mechanism of human heart – Part I

8.14 Working mechanism of human heart – Part II

8.15 Blood vessels : Arteries

8.15 Blood vessels : Veins

8.15 Blood vessels : Capillary

8.16 Blood pressure : Arterial Blood Pressure – Part I

8.16 Blood pressure : Arterial Blood Pressure – Part II

8.16 Blood pressure : Measurement of blood pressure

8.16 Hypertension

8.16 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

8.16 Angiography

8.16 Heart Transplant & Silent Heart Attack

Know the Scientist

8.17 Electrocardiogram

8.18 Lymphatic System

Chapter 8 : Respiration and Circulation

8.1 Organs of Respiratory Exchange

8.2 Human Respiratory system – Part I

8.2 Human Respiratory system – Part II

8.2 Human Respiratory system – Part III

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : A. Breathing

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : B. External respiration

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : Pulmonary volumes and capacities

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : C. Internal respiration : i. Transport of oxygen

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : C. Internal respiration : ii. Transport of CO2

8.3 Mechanism of respiration : D. Cellular Respiration

8.4 Regulation of Breathing

8.5 Modified Respiratory Movements

8.6 Common disorders of respiratory system – Part I

8.6 Common disorders of respiratory system – Part II

8.6 Common disorders of respiratory system – Part III

8.7 Transportation in living organisms

8.8 Circulation in animals -Part I

8.8 Circulation in animals -Part II

8.9 Circulatory System in Human

8.10 Red blood corpuscles / Erythrocytes

8.11 White blood corpuscles / Leucocytes: A. Granulocytes

8.11 White blood corpuscles / Leucocytes: B. Agranulocytes

8.12 Thrombocytes / Platelets

8.13 Heart – Part I

8.13 Heart – Part II

8.13 Heart – Part III

8.13 Heart – Part IV

8.14 Working mechanism of human heart – Part I

8.14 Working mechanism of human heart – Part II

8.15 Blood vessels : Arteries

8.15 Blood vessels : Veins

8.15 Blood vessels : Capillary

8.16 Blood pressure : Arterial Blood Pressure – Part I

8.16 Blood pressure : Arterial Blood Pressure – Part II

8.16 Blood pressure : Measurement of blood pressure

8.16 Hypertension

8.16 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

8.16 Angiography

8.16 Heart Transplant & Silent Heart Attack

Know the Scientist

8.17 Electrocardiogram

8.18 Lymphatic System

Chapter 9 : Control and Coordination

9 Control and Coordination

9.1 Nervous System in Hydra

9.2 Nervous System in Planaria (flatworm)

9.3 Neural tissue – Part I

9.3 Neural tissue – Part II

9.3 Neural tissue – Part III

9.4 Synapse : 1. Properties of nerve fibres – Part I

9.4 Synapse : 1. Properties of nerve fibres – Part II

9.4 Synapse : 2. Types of synapses : a. Electrical synapse

9.4 Synapse : 2. Types of synapses : b. Chemical synapse

9.5 Transmission of nerve impulse

9.5 Transmission of nerve impulse : Generation of nerve impulse : 1. Depolarization

9.5 Transmission of nerve impulse : Generation of nerve impulse : 2. Re-polarization

9.6 Human Nervous System : 1. Central nervous system (CNS) – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : 1. Central nervous system (CNS) – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : a. Forebrain – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : a. Forebrain – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : a. Forebrain – Part III

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : a. Forebrain – Part IV

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : b. Mid brain

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : c. Hind brain

9.6 Human Nervous System : B. Spinal Cord – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : B. Spinal Cord – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Cranial Nerves – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Cranial Nerves – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Spinal Nerves – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Spinal Nerves – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Spinal Nerves – Reflex Action

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Spinal Nerves – Types of Reflex Action

9.6 Human Nervous System : 3. Autonomic Nervous System: a. Sympathetic Nervous System

9.6 Human Nervous System : 3. Autonomic Nervous System: b. Parasympathetic Nervous System

Chapter 9 : Control and Coordination

9 Control and Coordination

9.1 Nervous System in Hydra

9.2 Nervous System in Planaria (flatworm)

9.3 Neural tissue – Part I

9.3 Neural tissue – Part II

9.3 Neural tissue – Part III

9.4 Synapse : 1. Properties of nerve fibres – Part I

9.4 Synapse : 1. Properties of nerve fibres – Part II

9.4 Synapse : 2. Types of synapses : a. Electrical synapse

9.4 Synapse : 2. Types of synapses : b. Chemical synapse

9.5 Transmission of nerve impulse

9.5 Transmission of nerve impulse : Generation of nerve impulse : 1. Depolarization

9.5 Transmission of nerve impulse : Generation of nerve impulse : 2. Re-polarization

9.6 Human Nervous System : 1. Central nervous system (CNS) – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : 1. Central nervous system (CNS) – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : a. Forebrain – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : a. Forebrain – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : a. Forebrain – Part III

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : a. Forebrain – Part IV

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : b. Mid brain

9.6 Human Nervous System : A. The Human brain : c. Hind brain

9.6 Human Nervous System : B. Spinal Cord – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : B. Spinal Cord – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Cranial Nerves – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Cranial Nerves – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Spinal Nerves – Part I

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Spinal Nerves – Part II

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Spinal Nerves – Reflex Action

9.6 Human Nervous System : 2. Peripheral Nervous System : Spinal Nerves – Types of Reflex Action

9.6 Human Nervous System : 3. Autonomic Nervous System: a. Sympathetic Nervous System

9.6 Human Nervous System : 3. Autonomic Nervous System: b. Parasympathetic Nervous System

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Types of receptors – Part I

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Types of receptors – Part II

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Eye – Part I

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Eye – Part II

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Eye – Part III

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Eye – Part IV

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Ear – Part I

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Ear – Part II

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Ear – Part III

9.7 Sensory Receptors : Ear – Part IV

9.8 Disorders of nervous system – Part I

9.8 Disorders of nervous system – Part II

9.9 Endocrine system

9.9 Endocrine system : Chemical nature & properties of hormones

9.9 Endocrine system : A. Mode of hormone action through membrane receptors

9.9 Endocrine system : B. Mode of action through intracellular receptors

9.13 Major endocrine glands : A. Hypothalamus

9.13 Major endocrine glands : B. Pituitary gland or hypophysis gland

9.13 Major endocrine glands : B. Pituitary gland or hypophysis gland : Adenohypophysis – Part I

9.13 Major endocrine glands : B. Pituitary gland or hypophysis gland : Adenohypophysis – Part II

9.13 Major endocrine glands : B. Pituitary gland or hypophysis gland : Neurohypophysis

9.13 Major endocrine glands : B. Pituitary gland or hypophysis gland : Pars intermedia

9.13 Major endocrine glands : C. Pineal gland

9.13 Major endocrine glands : D. Thyroid gland

9.13 Major endocrine glands : D. Thyroid gland : Disorders related to thyroid gland

9.13 Major endocrine glands : E. Parathyroid gland

9.13 Major endocrine glands : F. Thymus gland

9.13 Major endocrine glands : G. Adrenal gland/Suprarenal gland – Part I

9.13 Major endocrine glands : G. Adrenal gland/Suprarenal gland – Part II

9.13 Major endocrine glands : H. Pancreas

9.13 Major endocrine glands : I. Gonads

9.13 Major endocrine glands : J. Diffuse endocrine glands – Part I

9.13 Major endocrine glands : J. Diffuse endocrine glands – Part II

Chapter 10 : Human Health and Diseases

10.1 Immunity

10.1 Immunity : A. Types of immunity : i. Innate immunity – Part I

10.1 Immunity : A. Types of immunity : i. Innate immunity – Part II

10.1 Immunity : A. Types of immunity : ii. Acquired immunity

10.1 Immunity : B. Cells of Immune System – Part I

10.1 Immunity : B. Cells of Immune System – Part II

10.1 Immunity : C. Vaccination

10.2 Structure of Antibody

10.2 ABO Blood Groups

10.2 Rh factor

10.3 Common Human Diseases

10.3 Common Human Diseases : A. Malaria – Part I

10.3 Common Human Diseases : A. Malaria – Part II

10.3 Common Human Diseases : B. Amoebiasis – Part I

10.3 Common Human Diseases : B. Amoebiasis – Part I

10.3 Common Human Diseases : C. Ascariasis

10.3 Common Human Diseases : D. Filariasis/ Elephantiasis

10.3 Common Human Diseases : E. Typhoid

10.3 Common Human Diseases : F. Pneumonia

10.3 Common Human Diseases : G. Common Cold

10.3 Common Human Diseases : H. Ring Worm (Dermatophytosis)

10.3 Common Human Diseases : I. Dengue

10.3 Common Human Diseases : J. Cancer

10.3 Common Human Diseases : J. Cancer – a. Types of Cancer

10.3 Common Human Diseases : J. Cancer – b. Causes of Cancer

10.3 Common Human Diseases : J. Cancer – c. Treatment of Cancer

10.3 Common Human Diseases : K. AIDS – Part I

10.3 Common Human Diseases : K. AIDS – Part II

10.3 Common Human Diseases : K. AIDS – Part III

10.3 Common Human Diseases : K. AIDS – Part IV

10.4 Adolescence – Part I

10.4 Adolescence – Part II

10.4 Adolescence – Part III

10.5 Addiction

10.6 Drugs Abuse – Part I

10.6 Drugs Abuse – Part II

10.6 Drugs Abuse – Part III

Chapter 11 : Enhancement of Food Production

11.1 Improvement In Food Production

11.2 Plant breeding

Know the Scientist

11.2 Plant breeding : A. Hybridization and its technique -Part I

11.2 Plant breeding : A. Hybridization and its technique -Part II

11.2 Plant breeding : A. Hybridization and its technique -Part III

11.2 Plant breeding : Indian Hybrid Crops -Part I

11.2 Plant breeding : Indian Hybrid Crops -Part II

11.2 Plant breeding : B. Mutation Breeding

11.3 Tissue culture – Part I

11.3 Tissue culture – Part II

11.3 Tissue culture – Micropropagation (Clonal Propagation)

11.4 Single cell protein (SCP)

11.5 Biofortification

11.6 Animal husbandry

11.6 Management of farms and farm animals : A. Animal breeding

11.6 Management of farms and farm animals : B. Dairy farm management

11.6 Management of farms and farm animals : C. Poultry farm management

11.6 Management of farms and farm animals : D. Apiculture or bee keeping

11.6 Management of farms and farm animals : E. Fishery

11.6 Management of farms and farm animals : F. Sericulture

11.6 Management of farms and farm animals : G. Lac culture

11.7 Microbes in human welfare – Part I

11.7 Microbes in human welfare – Part II

11.8 Role of Microbes in Industrial Production : a. Production of Alcoholic Beverages

11.8 Role of Microbes in Industrial Production : b. Production of organic acids

11.8 Role of Microbes in Industrial Production : b. Production of organic acids

11.8 Role of Microbes in Industrial Production : c. Production of vitamins

11.8 Role of Microbes in Industrial Production : d. Production of Antibiotics

11.8 Role of Microbes in Industrial Production : e. Production of Enzymes

11.8 Role of Microbes in Industrial Production : f. Gibberellin production

11.9 Microbes in Sewage Treatment – Part I

11.9 Microbes in Sewage Treatment – Part II

11.9 Microbes in Sewage Treatment – Part III

11.10 Microbes in Energy Genration – Part I

11.10 Microbes in Energy Genration – Part II

11.11 Role of Microbes as Biocontrol Agents – Part I

11.11 Role of Microbes as Biocontrol Agents – Part II

11.12 Role of Microbes as Biofertilizers

11.12 Role of Microbes as Biofertilizers : Types of Biofertilizers

11.12 Role of Microbes as Biofertilizers : Fungal biofertilizers

11.12 Role of Microbes as Biofertilizers : Biofertilizer microorganisms

Chapter 12 : Biotechnology

12.1 Biotechnology

12.2 Principles and Processes of Biotechnology

12.2 A. Tools and techniques for gene cloning/ rDNA technology

12.2 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

12.2 II. Biological tools – Part I

12.2 II. Biological tools – Part II

12.2 II. Biological tools – Part III

12.2 II. Biological tools – Part IV

12.3 Methodology for rDNA technology – Part I

12.3 Methodology for rDNA technology – Part II

12.3 Methodology for rDNA technology – Part III

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : a. Healthcare Biotechnology

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : b. Agriculture

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : c. Gene therapy – Part I

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : c. Gene therapy – Part II

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : d. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) : I. Transgenic Plants – Part I

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : d. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) : I. Transgenic Plants – Part II

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : d. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) : I. Transgenic Plants – Part III

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : d. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) : I. Transgenic Plants – Part IV

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : d. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) : II. Transgenic animals -Part I

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : d. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) : II. Transgenic animals -Part II

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : d. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) : II. Transgenic animals -Part III

12.4 Applications of Biotechnology : d. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) : II. Transgenic animals -Part IV

12.5 Bioethics, bio-piracy and bio-patent

12.6 Effects of Biotechnology on the Environment

12.7 Effects of Biotechnology on Human Health

12.8 Biopatent

12.8 Biopiracy

12.8 Biopiracy : Examples of Biopiracy

Chapter 13 : Organisms and Populations

13 Organisms and Populations

13.1 Organisms and the environment around – Part I

13.1 Organisms and the environment around – Part II

13.1 Organisms and the environment around – Part III

13.1 Organisms and the environment around – Part IV

13.2 Major Abiotic Factors : Temperature, Water

13.2 Major Abiotic Factors : Light, Soil

13.2 Major Abiotic Factors : Effect on Living Organisms

13.3 Adaptation

13.4 Population

13.4 Population : Age distribution and Age pyramid

13.4 Population : Population Growth – Part I

13.4 Population : Population Growth – Part II

13.5 Population Interactions : Mutualism

13.5 Population Interactions : Competition

13.5 Population Interactions : Parasitism

13.5 Population Interactions : Predation

13.5 Population Interactions : Commensalism

Chapter 14 : Ecosystems and Energy flow

14 Ecosystems and Energy flow

14.1 Ecosystem : Structure and Function – Part I

14.1 Ecosystem : Structure and Function – Part II

14.1 Ecosystem : Structure and Function : a. Productivity

14.1 Ecosystem : Structure and Function : b. Decomposition

14.2 Energy Flow – Part I

14.2 Energy Flow – Part II

14.2 Energy Flow – Part III

14.3 Ecological Pyramids – Part I

14.3 Ecological Pyramids – Part II

14.4 Nutrient Cycles : Carbon Cycle

14.4 Nutrient Cycles : Phosphorus Cycle

14.5 Ecological Succession : Succession – Part I

14.5 Ecological Succession : Succession – Part II

14.5 Ecological Succession : Succession of Plants

14.6 Ecosystem Services

Chapter 15 : Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues

15 Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues

15.1 Levels of Biodiversity

15.2 Patterns of Biodiversity : a. Latitudinal and altitudinal gradients

15.2 Patterns of Biodiversity : b. Species-Area relationships

15.2 Importance of species diversity to the ecosystem

15.3 Biodiversity Current Scenario

15.4 Loss of Biodiversity

15.4 Loss of Biodiversity : Causes of Biodiversity losses – Part I

15.4 Loss of Biodiversity : Causes of Biodiversity losses – Part II

15.4 Loss of Biodiversity : Causes of Biodiversity losses – Part III

15.4 Loss of Biodiversity : Causes of Biodiversity losses – Part IV

15.5 Conservation of Biodiversity : Why to conserve Diversity?

15.5 Conservation of Biodiversity : How do we conserve biodiversity? – a. In situ conservation

15.5 Conservation of Biodiversity : How do we conserve biodiversity? – b. Ex situ conservation

15.6 Biological diversity Act 2002

15.7 Environmental issues : a. Air Pollution -Part I

15.7 Environmental issues : a. Air Pollution -Part II

15.7 Environmental issues : a. Air Pollution -Part III

15.7 Environmental issues : a. Air Pollution -Part IV

15.7 Environmental issues : b. Noise pollution

15.7 Environmental issues : c. Water Pollution and its Control

15.7 Environmental issues : c. Water Pollution and its Control : Domestic sewage and Industrial Effluents

15.7 Environmental issues : c. Water Pollution and its Control : Natural Eutrophication

15.7 Environmental issues : c. Water Pollution and its Control : Measures to reduce sewage water

15.7 Environmental issues : c. Water Pollution and its Control : Solid Waste Management

15.7 Environmental issues : c. Water Pollution and its Control : Solid Waste Management

15.7 Environmental issues : c. Water Pollution and its Control

15.8 Greenhouse effect

15.8 Global warming

15.9 Ozone depletion

15.10 Deforestation – Part I

15.10 Deforestation – Part II

15.11 Mission Harit Maharashtra

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